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The Philippine Revolutionary Army (Filipino: ''Panghimagsikang Hukbóng Katihan ng Pilipinas''; Spanish: ''Ejército Revolucionario Filipino'') was founded on March 22, 1897 in Cavite. General Artemio Ricarte was designated as its first Captain General during the Tejeros Convention. This armed force of General Emilio Aguinaldo's central revolutionary government replaced the Katipunan military.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/thephilippinearmy.htm )〕 ==History== The revolutionary army used the 1896 edition of the Spanish regular army's ''Ordenanza del Ejército'' to organize its forces and establish its character as a modern army. Rules and regulations were laid down for the reorganization of the army, along with the regulation of ranks and the adoption of new fighting methods, new rank insignias, and a standard uniform known as the ''rayadillo''. Filipino artist Juan Luna is credited with this design. His brother, General Antonio Luna commissioned him with the task. Juan Luna also designed the collar insignia for the uniforms, distinguishing between the services: infantry, cavalry, artillery, sappers, and medics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://falangefilipinas.4t.com/photo5.html )〕 At least one researcher has postulated that Juan Luna may have patterned the tunic after the English Norfolk jacket, since the Filipino version is not a copy of any Spanish-pattern uniform. Infantry officers wore blue pants with a black stripe down the side, while Cavalry officers wore red trousers with black stripes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Filipino Rayadillo Norfolk Pattern Tunic )〕 Orders and circulars were issued covering matters such as building trenches and fortifications, equipping every male aged 15 to 50 with bows and arrows (as well as bolo knives, though officers wielded European swords), enticing Filipino soldiers in the Spanish army to defect, collecting empty cartridges for refilling, prohibiting unplanned sorties, inventories of captured arms and ammunition, fundraising, purchasing of arms and supplies abroad, unification of military commands, and exhorting the rich to give aid to the soldiers.〔 Aguinaldo, a month after he declared Philippine independence, created a pay scale for officers in the army: Following the board, a brigadier general would receive 600 pesos annually, and a sergeant 72 pesos. When the Philippine–American War erupted on February 4, 1899, the Filipino army suffered heavy losses on every sector. Even Antonio Luna urged Apolinario Mabini, Aguinaldo's chief adviser, to convince the President that guerrilla warfare must be announced as early as April 1899. Aguinaldo adopted guerilla tactics on November 13, 1899, dissolving what remained of the regular army and after many of his crack units were decimated in set-piece battles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philippine Revolutionary Army」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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